There are as many ways of translating a literary text as there are translators. Literary translators have, however, historically received little recognition. Efforts by translators and by organizations like PEN America, which recently issued a manifesto on literary translation, have brought the field greater visibility, helping to cement the rights of translators and to raise awareness of literary translation as a creative art in its own right. Mui Poopoksakul is a Thailand-born lawyer turned literary translator. Bruna Dantas Lobato, originally from Brazil, is a literary translator from Portuguese and a writer.

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Persons: Samantha Schnee, Allison Markin Powell, Jeremy Tiang, Mui, Bruna Dantas, JULIANA BARBASSA, Isaac Bashevis Singer Organizations: PEN America, Times, Conference, PEN Locations: Singapore, Thailand, Brazil